{"id":16980,"date":"2022-05-17T16:01:58","date_gmt":"2022-05-17T14:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=16980"},"modified":"2024-07-16T23:59:32","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T21:59:32","slug":"data-les-emissions-de-gaz-a-effet-de-serre-de-lue-sont-inferieures-aux-niveaux-davant-la-pandemie-mais-pas-q4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/data-les-emissions-de-gaz-a-effet-de-serre-de-lue-sont-inferieures-aux-niveaux-davant-la-pandemie-mais-pas-q4\/","title":{"rendered":"Data : les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de l\u2019UE sont inf\u00e9rieures aux niveaux d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie, mais pas au dernier trimestre"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne en 2021 sont inf\u00e9rieures aux niveaux d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19. Mais le dernier trimestre montre une augmentation des \u00e9missions par rapport \u00e0 2019. S\u2019agit-t-il d\u2019une hausse \u00e0 court terme due \u00e0 la reprise de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re\u202f?
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u00c9missions
\u00a9 Marcin Jozwiak, Pozna\u0144, Pologne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Au quatri\u00e8me trimestre 2021, les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne ont atteint 1 041 millions de tonnes d\u2019\u00e9quivalent CO2 (Mt CO2e), selon les derni\u00e8res estimations d\u2019Eurostat<\/a> publi\u00e9es le 16 mai. Cela repr\u00e9sente une hausse de 8\u202f% par rapport au quatri\u00e8me trimestre 2020, ou 78\u202fMt CO2e de plus \u00e9mis par l\u2019UE.<\/p>\n

Cette augmentation est en grande partie due au rebond \u00e9conomique de la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re explique le bureau statistique de l\u2019UE, ce qui a conduit \u00e0 une hausse de l\u2019empreinte carbone dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n

Toutes les \u00e9missions trimestrielles de 2021 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles de 2020. Mais seul le dernier trimestre a d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les niveaux des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre<\/a> de 2019 et les niveaux d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19.<\/p>\n

L\u2019empreinte carbone de 2021 \u00e9tait en effet inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de 2019 et des ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2010 au moins. \u00ab\u202fMalgr\u00e9 l\u2019effet du rebond \u00e9conomique entre les m\u00eames trimestres de 2020 et 2021, la tendance \u00e0 long terme des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de l\u2019UE affiche une r\u00e9duction constante\u202f\u00bb<\/em>, explique Eurostat.<\/p>\n

Pour l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2021, l\u2019UE a \u00e9mis 3 781\u202fMt CO2e. C\u2019est 278 millions de tonnes de plus qu\u2019en 2020\u202f; 61,5 millions de tonnes de moins qu\u2019en 2019 (en 2020, l\u2019empreinte de l\u2019UE<\/a> a diminu\u00e9 de 340\u202fMt CO2e par rapport \u00e0 2019). Ainsi, l\u2019empreinte carbone en 2021 a augment\u00e9 de 8\u202f% par rapport \u00e0 2020 mais a diminu\u00e9 de 2\u202f% par rapport \u00e0 2019.<\/p>\n

Mais le rebond \u00e9conomique a tout de m\u00eame ralenti la r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de carbone. Par rapport aux niveaux d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie, les \u00e9missions en 2021 ont diminu\u00e9 59\u202f% plus lentement qu\u2019en 2019\u20132018 et 16\u202f% plus lentement qu\u2019en 2018\u20132017.<\/p>\n

Si toutes les \u00e9missions \u00e9conomis\u00e9es durant la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19<\/a> n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 totalement annul\u00e9es par le rebond \u00e9conomique de 2021, cela ne signifie pas que 2022 ne verra pas une autre augmentation des \u00e9missions.<\/p>\n

\"\u00c9missions
\u00c9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de l\u2019U.E. par trimestre et activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique. Le 4\u00e8me trimestre 2021 a totalis\u00e9 1 041\u202fMt CO2e, soit une valeur l\u00e9g\u00e8rement sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la valeur d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie du 4\u00e8me trimestre 2019. Les secteurs \u00e9conomiques responsables de la plupart des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre \u00e9taient les m\u00e9nages (22%), l\u2019industrie manufacturi\u00e8re et la fourniture d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, de gaz naturel et d\u2019eau chaude (21% chacun) au 4\u00e8me trimestre 2021. | \u00a9 Eurostat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les r\u00e9ductions d\u2019\u00e9missions de GES en 2021 par rapport \u00e0 2019 sont principalement dues \u00e0 deux secteurs \u00e9conomiques<\/h2>\n

En fait, l\u2019examen des donn\u00e9es par cat\u00e9gories montre que les r\u00e9ductions d\u2019\u00e9missions en 2021 par rapport \u00e0 2019 sont principalement le fait de deux activit\u00e9s : La fourniture d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, de gaz, de vapeur et d\u2019air conditionn\u00e9<\/em> (-37,5\u202fMt CO2e), et le transport et le stockage<\/em> (-57\u202fMt CO2e).<\/p>\n

Toutes les autres activit\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de l\u2019agriculture (-4\u202fMt CO2e), ont vu leurs \u00e9missions augmenter en 2021 par rapport \u00e0 2019. C\u2019est notamment le cas de l\u2019industrie manufacturi\u00e8re, +25\u202fMt CO2e, de loin l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique qui a connu la plus forte croissance, suivie des activit\u00e9s domestiques (+2,6\u202fMt CO2e).<\/p>\n

Si toutes les activit\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentaient une empreinte carbone plus faible en 2020, y compris les m\u00e9nages malgr\u00e9 les confinements, elles ont ensuite presque toutes annul\u00e9 les gains en 2021 (si la pand\u00e9mie a modifi\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on spectaculaire les comportements de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, les donn\u00e9es montrent que les parts d\u2019\u00e9missions entre les activit\u00e9s restent en fait globalement relativement stables).<\/p>\n

Et si, en 2022, l\u2019empreinte carbone des secteurs du transport et du r\u00e9seau d\u2019approvisionnement de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, du gaz naturel et d\u2019eau chaude cesse de diminuer ou diminue plus lentement, l\u2019empreinte carbone<\/a> de l\u2019UE pourrait \u00e0 nouveau cro\u00eetre comme en 2015, 2016 et 2017.<\/p>\n

Et ce sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ces deux secteurs qui ont eu parmi les trois plus fortes augmentations d\u2019\u00e9missions au cours du quatri\u00e8me trimestre 2021, avec +18\u202f% pour le transport par rapport \u00e0 2020, et +10\u202f% pour l\u2019approvisionnement en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, gaz et eau chaude. Ce qui est d\u2019autant plus inqui\u00e9tant, c\u2019est qu\u2019ind\u00e9pendamment des tensions observ\u00e9es en 2021 sur les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement et du transport maritime<\/a>, les \u00e9missions du secteur des transports \u00e9taient en constante augmentation au cours des cinq ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant la pand\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne s\u2019est engag\u00e9e<\/a> \u00e0 r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de 55\u202f% par rapport aux niveaux de 1990 d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030. Pour atteindre cet objectif, elle ne doit pas \u00e9mettre plus de 2 543\u202fMt CO2e par an, soit encore 33\u202f% de moins que l\u2019empreinte carbone de 2021.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de l\u2019\u00e9conomie de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne en 2021 sont inf\u00e9rieures aux niveaux d\u2019avant la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19. Mais le dernier trimestre montre une augmentation des \u00e9missions par rapport \u00e0 2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3016],"tags":[478,464,433,428,913,430,418,434,504,453,437,505,513,421],"class_list":["post-16980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environnement","tag-allemagne","tag-belgique","tag-espagne","tag-france-fr","tag-hongrie","tag-irlande","tag-italie","tag-pays-bas","tag-pologne","tag-portugal","tag-republique-tcheque","tag-roumanie","tag-suede","tag-vieux"],"yoast_head":"\nData : les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de l'UE sont inf\u00e9rieures aux niveaux d'avant la pand\u00e9mie, mais pas au dernier trimestre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre de l'\u00e9conomie de l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2021 sont inf\u00e9rieures aux niveaux d'avant la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19. 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