{"id":17179,"date":"2022-05-21T02:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=17179"},"modified":"2022-11-06T18:02:26","modified_gmt":"2022-11-06T17:02:26","slug":"la-cour-supreme-du-mexique-considere-les-controles-aleatoires-de-limmigration-inconstitutionnels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/la-cour-supreme-du-mexique-considere-les-controles-aleatoires-de-limmigration-inconstitutionnels\/","title":{"rendered":"La Cour supr\u00eame du Mexique consid\u00e8re les contr\u00f4les al\u00e9atoires de l\u2019immigration inconstitutionnels"},"content":{"rendered":"

La Cour supr\u00eame du Mexique a jug\u00e9 que les contr\u00f4les d\u2019identit\u00e9 al\u00e9atoires destin\u00e9s \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler l\u2019immigration clandestine effectu\u00e9s sur le territoire \u00e9taient discriminatoires et contraires \u00e0 la libre circulation.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Cour
Cour supr\u00eame du Mexique<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La Cour supr\u00eame du Mexique<\/a> a jug\u00e9 le 19 mai que les contr\u00f4les d\u2019immigration effectu\u00e9s en dehors des zones de transit international \u00e9taient inconstitutionnels car ils \u00e9taient discriminatoires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des Mexicains indig\u00e8nes ou d\u2019origine africaine.<\/p>\n

La proc\u00e9dure de contr\u00f4le des migrations pr\u00e9vue par la loi est contraire aux droits \u00e0 la libre circulation sur le territoire national, et aux concepts d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de non-discrimination car elle est \u00ab\u202ftrop inclusive en ne faisant pas de distinction entre les nationaux et les \u00e9trangers, en plus de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des impacts diff\u00e9renci\u00e9s sur les communaut\u00e9s indig\u00e8nes et afro-mexicaines\u202f\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

La Cour consid\u00e8re que les contr\u00f4les d\u2019identit\u00e9 pour combattre l\u2019immigration clandestine sur le territoire ciblent de mani\u00e8re excessive les Mexicains des communaut\u00e9s indig\u00e8nes et afro-mexicaines.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision fait suite \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s intent\u00e9 par l\u2019Institut des femmes en migration (IMUMI) contre plusieurs articles de la loi sur la migration qui d\u00e9finit la proc\u00e9dure de contr\u00f4le des papiers d\u2019identit\u00e9 et titres de s\u00e9jour.<\/p>\n

En 2015, deux mexicaines, dont une mineure \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, et un mexicain de la communaut\u00e9 Tseltal, dans l\u2019\u00c9tat du Chiapas au sud du Mexique, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis \u00e0 un contr\u00f4le migratoire lors d\u2019un voyage en bus dans le nord du pays. Parce qu\u2019ils \u00ab\u202fressemblaient \u00e0 des migrants\u202f\u00bb<\/em>, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tenus pendant une semaine et ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 harcel\u00e9s pour signer des documents afin d\u2019admettre qu\u2019ils venaient du Guatemala et d\u2019\u00eatre expuls\u00e9s vers ce pays.<\/p>\n

Un juge de district a rejet\u00e9 l\u2019affaire parce qu\u2019ils avaient pu partir apr\u00e8s que leur identit\u00e9 eut \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e. Mais les plaignants ont fait appel de la d\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n

Le commissaire de l\u2019Institut national des migrations a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des excuses publiques en 2019. Et la Haute Cour a statu\u00e9 que le Mexique est responsable de la violation des droits de l\u2019humain et que les victimes ont le droit de demander r\u00e9paration pour le pr\u00e9judice subi.<\/p>\n

La loi sur les migrations stipule que \u00ab\u202ftoute personne qui se trouve \u00e0 un poste de contr\u00f4le migratoire sur le territoire national peut \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9e, ind\u00e9pendamment du fait que la personne soit mexicaine ou \u00e9trang\u00e8re\u202f\u00bb<\/em>. Mais la constitution mexicaine donne le droit \u00e0 la libre circulation ce qui entra\u00eene l\u2019absence d\u2019obligation d\u2019avoir ses documents d\u2019identit\u00e9 avec soi \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du pays, et qui contredit donc la disposition de la loi sur les migrations, selon la Cour supr\u00eame.<\/p>\n

De plus, la proc\u00e9dure de contr\u00f4le de l\u2019immigration en dehors des points de contr\u00f4le dans les zones de transit internationales est \u00e9galement inconstitutionnelle car elle affecte certaines personnes de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e. En l\u2019absence de crit\u00e8res objectifs, les autorit\u00e9s comp\u00e9tentes effectuent des contr\u00f4les \u00ab\u202fal\u00e9atoires sur la base de certains aspects tels que l\u2019origine ethnique, la couleur de la peau et la langue\u202f\u00bb<\/em> au d\u00e9triment des communaut\u00e9s indig\u00e8nes et afro-mexicaines, selon la d\u00e9claration de la Cour.<\/p>\n

Pour l\u2019IMUMI<\/a>, la d\u00e9cision prouve que les contr\u00f4les d\u2019identit\u00e9 al\u00e9atoires ne peuvent \u00eatre effectu\u00e9s sans \u00ab\u202fdiscrimination \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des personnes en fonction de leur apparence (profilage racial)\u202f\u00bb<\/em>. De plus, \u00ab\u202fcette r\u00e9solution cr\u00e9e un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent important pour garantir le droit \u00e0 la libre circulation des personnes dans le pays, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de migrants ou de Mexicains\u202f\u00bb<\/em>, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l\u2019IMUMI dans un communiqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

For IMUMI<\/a>, the decision proves random document checks cannot be carried out without \u00ab\u202fdiscrimination against people based on their appearance (racial profiling)\u202f\u00bb<\/em>. Also, \u00ab\u202fthis resolution sets an important positive precedent to guarantee the right to free movement of people across the country, for migrants or Mexicans,\u202f\u00bb<\/em> IMUMI said in a statement.<\/p>\n

En septembre dernier, la Cour de justice des Pays-Bas a estim\u00e9 que l\u2019appartenance ethnique pouvait \u00eatre un motif de contr\u00f4le de l\u2019immigration<\/a>.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez plus d\u2019informations sur le Mexique<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour supr\u00eame du Mexique a jug\u00e9 que les contr\u00f4les d\u2019identit\u00e9 al\u00e9atoires destin\u00e9s \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler l\u2019immigration clandestine effectu\u00e9s sur le territoire \u00e9taient discriminatoires et contraires \u00e0 la libre circulation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[409],"tags":[411,419],"class_list":["post-17179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-societe","tag-actuel","tag-mexique"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Cour supr\u00eame du Mexique consid\u00e8re les contr\u00f4les al\u00e9atoires de l'immigration inconstitutionnels<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour supr\u00eame du Mexique a jug\u00e9 que les contr\u00f4les d'identit\u00e9 al\u00e9atoires destin\u00e9s 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