{"id":18242,"date":"2022-01-13T16:00:48","date_gmt":"2022-01-13T15:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=18242"},"modified":"2025-05-06T16:16:47","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T14:16:47","slug":"des-fossiles-de-lhomme-moderne-dethiopie-33-000-ans-plus-vieux-questime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/des-fossiles-de-lhomme-moderne-dethiopie-33-000-ans-plus-vieux-questime\/","title":{"rendered":"Des fossiles de l\u2019homme moderne en \u00c9thiopie 33 000 ans plus vieux qu\u2019estim\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

La plus ancienne preuve de la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019Homo Sapiens<\/em> en Afrique de l\u2019Est est plus ancienne qu\u2019on ne le pensait. Les fossiles sont ant\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 une \u00e9ruption volcanique survenue il y a 233 000 ans.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"formation
La formation g\u00e9ologique d\u2019Omo Kibish en \u00c9thiopie, pr\u00e8s de l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 des fossiles d\u2019Homo sapiens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que ces fossiles ont au moins 233 000 ans | C\u00e9line Vidal via Reuters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les ossements \u00e9taient contenus dans des s\u00e9diments sous de la cendre provenant d\u2019une \u00e9ruption volcanique en \u00c9thiopie il y a environ 233 000 ans, avec une marge d\u2019erreur de 22 000 ans. L\u2019\u00e2ge pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment estim\u00e9 de ces fossiles \u00e9tait de 197 000 ans.<\/p>\n

Les fossiles d\u2019Homo Sapiens<\/em> furent d\u00e9couverts en \u00c9thiopie en 1967. Appel\u00e9s Omo I, ils comprennent une bo\u00eete cr\u00e2nienne, une m\u00e2choire inf\u00e9rieure, quelques vert\u00e8bres et des parties de bras et de jambes.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9s dans la revue scientifique Nature<\/em><\/a> le 12 janvier. Les scientifiques ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir utilis\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9paisse couche de cendres qui contenait les fossiles pour la datation.<\/p>\n

Ils ont compar\u00e9 la composition g\u00e9ochimique des cendres avec d\u2019autres s\u00e9diments volcaniques<\/strong> de la r\u00e9gion et ont trouv\u00e9 une correspondance avec une roche volcanique d\u2019une autre \u00e9ruption situ\u00e9e \u00e0 environ 370\u202fkm qu\u2019ils ont pu dater.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats modifient ainsi l\u2019\u00e2ge des plus anciens fossiles d\u2019Homo sapiens<\/em> connus en Afrique de l\u2019Est \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la n\u00f4tre d\u2019environ 200 000 ans. Cette d\u00e9couverte confirme les mod\u00e8les scientifiques les plus r\u00e9cents de l\u2019\u00e9volution humaine, ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 les auteurs.<\/p>\n

La date d\u2019apparition de l\u2019Homo Sapiens<\/em> au Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne moyen reste incertaine<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

En anthropologie, les esp\u00e8ces ne sont pas une d\u00e9signation biologique mais des groupes d\u2019anc\u00eatres distincts regroup\u00e9s en des caract\u00e9ristiques ou des aires g\u00e9ographiques similaires.<\/p>\n

La date d\u2019apparition de l\u2019Homo Sapiens<\/em> et la p\u00e9riode qui l\u2019a pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e sont encore tr\u00e8s obscures et sujettes \u00e0 d\u00e9bat. L\u2019Homo Sapiens<\/em> est apparu il y a entre 300 000 et 230 000 ans<\/strong>, au cours du Pl\u00e9istoc\u00e8ne moyen.<\/p>\n

Des restes de squelettes humains au Maroc d\u00e9couverts en 2017 datent d\u2019il y a 300 000 ans. Ils sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les plus anciens fossiles d\u2019Homo Sapiens<\/em> mais leur classification est contest\u00e9e. Ils ne pr\u00e9sentent pas toutes les caract\u00e9ristiques morphologiques de l\u2019homme moderne.<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, la pal\u00e9ontologie sugg\u00e8re que l\u2019Homo sapiens<\/em> a directement \u00e9volu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de l\u2019Homo heidelbergensis<\/em>, notre anc\u00eatre commun avec l\u2019homme de N\u00e9andertal. Mais certains scientifiques ont r\u00e9cemment sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de renommer certaines esp\u00e8ces<\/a> et de changer notre anc\u00eatre direct car les fossiles class\u00e9s sous Homo heidelbergensis<\/em> pr\u00e9sentaient trop de caract\u00e9ristiques h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n

Les fossiles d\u2019Omo I sont la plus ancienne preuve incontest\u00e9e de l\u2019existence d\u2019Homo sapiens<\/em><\/strong> et sont plus anciens que ce que l\u2019on pensait.<\/p>\n

Si les fossiles d\u2019Omo I ont maintenant un nouvel \u00e2ge minimum, leur \u00e2ge maximum est encore inconnu. Une couche de cendres situ\u00e9e sous les fossiles n\u2019a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 dat\u00e9e, ce qui pourrait permettre de fixer son \u00e2ge maximum et d\u2019apporter plus de pr\u00e9cisions sur l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019homme.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00c9thiopie<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La plus ancienne preuve incontest\u00e9e de l\u2019existence d\u2019Homo Sapiens est plus ancienne qu\u2019on ne le pensait.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13908,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[411,442,523],"class_list":["post-18242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciences-et-sante","tag-actuel","tag-ethiopie","tag-monde"],"yoast_head":"\nDes fossiles de l'homme moderne en \u00c9thiopie 33 000 ans plus vieux qu'estim\u00e9s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La plus ancienne preuve incontest\u00e9e de l'existence d'Homo Sapiens est plus ancienne qu'on ne le pensait.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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