{"id":18244,"date":"2021-11-12T14:36:10","date_gmt":"2021-11-12T13:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=18244"},"modified":"2022-11-11T11:37:08","modified_gmt":"2022-11-11T10:37:08","slug":"la-davemaoite-le-mineral-des-profondeurs-de-la-terre-observe-pour-la-premiere-fois-dans-un-diamant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/la-davemaoite-le-mineral-des-profondeurs-de-la-terre-observe-pour-la-premiere-fois-dans-un-diamant\/","title":{"rendered":"La davemao\u00efte, le min\u00e9ral des profondeurs de la Terre observ\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans un diamant"},"content":{"rendered":"

La br\u00e8ve observation de la davemao\u00efte offre une vision sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de la couche interne de la Terre et ouvre de nouveaux domaines de recherche. Consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme repr\u00e9sentant pr\u00e8s de 3% du volume total de la Terre, elle pourrait contribuer \u00e0 expliquer la dynamique des plaques tectoniques.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Davemao\u00efte
La davemao\u00efte a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte dans trois imperfections microscopiques de ce diamant du Botswana | \u00a9 Aaron Celestian, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le 12 novembre, des chercheurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en min\u00e9ralogie ont observ\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans la nature un nouveau min\u00e9ral compos\u00e9 de calcium, de silicium et d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne<\/a>. Pi\u00e9g\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur d\u2019un type de diamant rare, le silicate de calcium n\u2019avait \u00e9t\u00e9 th\u00e9oris\u00e9 et synth\u00e9tis\u00e9 qu\u2019en laboratoire, mais jamais observ\u00e9 auparavant en conditions r\u00e9elles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019une des raisons pour lesquelles il \u00e9tait si difficile \u00e0 observer est qu\u2019il n\u2019existe pas sous notre pression atmosph\u00e9rique. En fait, le min\u00e9ral ne peut pas conserver sa structure apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9 de son environnement maintenu \u00e0 haute pression<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00c9tonnamment, les scientifique ont pu l\u2019identifier pi\u00e9g\u00e9 dans les imperfections d\u2019un diamant de 4 millim\u00e8tres de large trouv\u00e9 au Botswana il y a plus de 30 ans.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fLorsque nous avons cass\u00e9 le diamant, la davemao\u00efte est rest\u00e9e intacte pendant environ une seconde, puis nous l\u2019avons vue se dilater [\u2026] et se transformer en verre<\/strong><\/em>\u202f\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 l\u2019un des scientifiques.<\/p>\n

Les scientifiques appelent ce compos\u00e9 la davemao\u00efte.<\/p>\n

Les diamants, \u00e9tant l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment le plus solide sur Terre, offrent une protection parfaite \u00e0 tout ce qui est coinc\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur. Ils s\u2019av\u00e8rent \u00e9galement \u00eatre une excellente capsule temporelle inalt\u00e9rable<\/strong> pendant leur voyage depuis les profondeurs de la Terre o\u00f9 ils se sont form\u00e9s il y a des millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la surface.<\/p>\n

Ce minuscule morceau utilis\u00e9 par les min\u00e9ralogistes pourrait \u00eatre vieux entre 100 millions et 1 milliard d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

La plupart des diamants que l\u2019on trouve habituellement sont form\u00e9s au maximum \u00e0 250 kilom\u00e8tres sous la surface, mais la pierre pr\u00e9cieuse du Botswana appartient \u00e0 la cat\u00e9gorie des \u00ab\u202fdiamants super-profonds<\/em>\u202f\u00bb et s\u2019est probablement form\u00e9e entre 660 et 900\u202fkm sous la surface.<\/p>\n

La composition a montr\u00e9 que le diamant n\u2019a pu se former que dans des conditions de pression similaires \u00e0 celles du manteau inf\u00e9rieur<\/strong>, entre 240 et 350 millions d\u2019hectopascals, soit environ 150 000 fois plus que la pression \u00e0 la surface de la Terre.<\/p>\n

Environ 3% du volume de la Terre serait constitu\u00e9 de davemao\u00efte<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Le manteau inf\u00e9rieur est une couche terrestre repr\u00e9sentant plus de la moiti\u00e9 du volume de la Terre, situ\u00e9e entre 660 et 2900\u202fkm sous la surface.<\/p>\n

Il est estim\u00e9 que la davemaoite constitue 5 \u00e0 7% du manteau inf\u00e9rieur<\/strong>. Ainsi, l\u2019existence d\u2019environ 3 \u00e0 4% du volume total de la Terre vient d\u2019\u00eatre d\u00e9couverte en conditions r\u00e9elles.<\/p>\n

Le diamant contenait \u00e9galement du sodium et du potassium, qui n\u2019existent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement que dans la cro\u00fbte terrestre, ce qui donnes des cl\u00e9s de compr\u00e9hension comment la mati\u00e8re en surface retourne dans le manteau terrestre<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

De plus, la davemao\u00efte pourrait h\u00e9berger des \u00e9l\u00e9ments radioactifs, explique New Scientist<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Et ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments radioactifs, comme l\u2019uranium ou le thorium, jouent un r\u00f4le important dans la cr\u00e9ation de chaleur<\/strong>, car ils r\u00e9chauffent les couches internes de la Terre pendant leur d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration. Consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme responsable d\u2019un tiers de la chaleur int\u00e9rieure de la Terre, les scientifiques ont d\u00e9couvert en juillet dernier que \u00ab\u202fla chaleur issue de la d\u00e9sint\u00e9gration radioactive contribue \u00e0 environ la moiti\u00e9 du flux thermique total de la Terre<\/em>\u202f\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Et des r\u00e9gions internes plus chaudes que d\u2019autres, qui pr\u00e9sentent une viscosit\u00e9 et une fluidit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentes, pourraient expliquer ce qui guide le mouvement des plaques tectoniques.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s sur le monde<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La br\u00e8ve observation de la davemao\u00efte offre une vision sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de la couche interne de la Terre et ouvre de nouveaux domaines de recherche. Elle pourrait contribuer \u00e0 expliquer la dynamique des plaques tectoniques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13760,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[411,808,523],"class_list":["post-18244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciences-et-sante","tag-actuel","tag-botswana-fr","tag-monde"],"yoast_head":"\nLa davemao\u00efte, le min\u00e9ral des profondeurs de la Terre observ\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans un diamant<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La br\u00e8ve observation de la davemao\u00efte offre une vision sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de la couche interne de la Terre et ouvre de nouveaux domaines de recherche. 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