{"id":18710,"date":"2021-08-04T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-03T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=18710"},"modified":"2024-12-16T15:35:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T14:35:44","slug":"les-objectifs-de-neutralite-carbone-des-distractions-dangereuses-pour-oxfam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/les-objectifs-de-neutralite-carbone-des-distractions-dangereuses-pour-oxfam\/","title":{"rendered":"Les objectifs de neutralit\u00e9 carbone, des distractions dangereuses pour Oxfam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oxfam consid\u00e8re que les objectifs de neutralit\u00e9 carbone sont des distractions dangereuses car les projections donn\u00e9es en utilisant la reforestation seraient irr\u00e9alisables \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Les
Les strat\u00e9gies pour atteindre la neutralit\u00e9 carbone en se concentrant uniquement sur les for\u00eats peuvent \u00eatre une distraction dangereuse pour Oxfam | Illustration Mikhail Nilov<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u2019organisation \u00e0 but non lucratif Oxfam a publi\u00e9 en ao\u00fbt 2021 le rapport Tightening the net<\/em><\/a>, qui d\u00e9mystifie les objectifs grandioses de \u00ab\u202fz\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette\u202f\u00bb clam\u00e9s par des pays et des entreprises. Principalement bas\u00e9s sur la reforestation ou la restauration des for\u00eats, l\u2019association conclut que les objectifs ne sont pas r\u00e9alisables \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de la plan\u00e8te<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Afin de lutter contre le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique<\/a>, certains gouvernements et entreprises se sont r\u00e9cemment engag\u00e9s \u00e0 avoir z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions nettes.<\/p>\n

Environ 120 pays se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 devenir neutres en carbone d\u2019ici 2050 et de grandes entreprises comme Microsoft, Apple, British Airways, Blackrock ou Netflix ont toutes publi\u00e9 leurs plans de neutralit\u00e9 carbone avec enthousiasme. Netflix a l\u2019ambition de devenir neutre en carbone en 2022<\/a> en restaurant \u00ab\u202fdes prairies, des mangroves et des sols sains<\/em>\u202f\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Mais alors que la plupart de ces projets n\u2019en sont encore qu\u2019\u00e0 leurs d\u00e9buts, Oxfam pr\u00e9vient que les objectifs de neutralit\u00e9 carbone \u00ab\u202fpourraient finir par constituer une distraction dangereuse<\/em>\u202f\u00bb par rapport \u00e0 une lutte efficace contre le changement climatique. Le rapport estime que \u00ab\u202fles objectifs z\u00e9ro net \u00e0 long terme d\u00e9tournent l\u2019attention de la mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019actions climatiques tangibles \u00e0 court terme<\/em>\u202f\u00bb.<\/p>\n

La neutralit\u00e9 carbone diff\u00e9rente d\u2019une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de carbone<\/h2>\n

L\u2019une des raisons est l\u2019absence d\u2019une d\u00e9finition claire et pr\u00e9cise de la neutralit\u00e9 des \u00e9missions de carbone. En fait, l\u2019accord de Paris n\u2019inclut ni ne d\u00e9finit des termes tels que \u00ab\u202fsolutions naturelles<\/em>\u202f\u00bb ou \u00ab\u202fz\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette<\/em>\u202f\u00bb, qui sont tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sents dans les discussions sur le changement climatique.<\/p>\n

Atteindre des \u00e9missions nettes de carbone \u00e0 z\u00e9ro consiste \u00e0 compenser les gaz \u00e0 effet de serre d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9mis dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Cela peut se faire en restaurant les for\u00eats, en pr\u00e9servant les mangroves ou en adaptant les terres cultiv\u00e9es. Mais la neutralit\u00e9 carbone est cependant diff\u00e9rente d\u2019une absence d\u2019\u00e9mission de carbone<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pour Oxfam, les gouvernements et les entreprises s\u2019appuient donc sur de vastes \u00e9tendues de terre pour planter des arbres et capturer les \u00e9missions de carbone<\/strong>. N\u00e9anmoins, ces surfaces s\u2019av\u00e9reraient insuffisantes pour faire face \u00e0 la situation.<\/p>\n

Selon le rapport, les objectifs sont impossibles \u00e0 atteindre car il n\u2019y aurait pas assez de terres sur la plan\u00e8te pour y arriver. Il est \u00ab\u202fmath\u00e9matiquement impossible de planter suffisamment d\u2019arbres pour atteindre les objectifs combin\u00e9s de neutralit\u00e9 carbone annonc\u00e9s par les gouvernements et les entreprises, car il n\u2019y a tout simplement pas assez de terres pour le faire<\/em>\u202f\u00bb, ajoute le rapport.<\/p>\n

\"La
La Suisse compense ses \u00e9missions de carbone en achetant les quotas du P\u00e9rou | Illustration, Hans Luiggi : La Merced, P\u00e9rou<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Planter plus d\u2019arbres qu\u2019il n\u2019y a de terres arables dans le monde<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Selon Oxfam, il faudrait plus que les terres arables mondiales actuellement utilis\u00e9es, soit cinq fois la taille de l\u2019Inde, pour planter les arbres n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la neutralisation des \u00e9missions de carbone.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00c9thiopie<\/a>, qui n\u2019est que le 94e pollueur mondial<\/a> selon les chiffres de la Commission europ\u00e9enne, s\u2019est engag\u00e9e \u00e0 devenir neutre en carbone. Sa strat\u00e9gie repose largement sur une adaptation de son agriculture et un plan ambitieux de plantation de 20 milliards d\u2019arbres entre 2020 et 2024. Bien qu\u2019Oxfam reconnaisse que le pays fait \u00ab\u202fsa juste part en termes de lutte contre la crise climatique<\/em>\u202f\u00bb, elle estime n\u00e9anmoins que le plan actuel n\u00e9cessiterait plus de la moiti\u00e9 des terres \u00e9thiopiennes pour atteindre son objectif.<\/p>\n

Si l\u2019industrie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re et gazi\u00e8re \u00e9tait neutre en carbone, la moiti\u00e9 de la superficie des \u00c9tats-Unis serait n\u00e9cessaire, a calcul\u00e9 Oxfam.<\/p>\n

De plus, une telle pression sur les terres pourrait entra\u00eener \u00ab\u202fune famine et des d\u00e9placements massifs de populations dans le monde entier<\/em>\u202f\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Changement de l\u2019agriculture et du r\u00e9gime alimentaire plut\u00f4t que l\u2019expansion des terres<\/h2>\n

Par ailleurs, de nombreux objectifs de neutralit\u00e9 carbone incluent des compensations qui, au final, ne feraient que retarder davantage une \u00ab\u202fv\u00e9ritable action climatique<\/em>\u202f\u00bb. La compensation des \u00e9missions de carbone pour atteindre les objectifs net z\u00e9ro, qui consiste \u00e0 acheter des quotas de carbone<\/a> \u00e0 une autre entreprise ou \u00e0 un pays, risque d\u2019avoir un impact sur les pays \u00e0 faible revenu dont les for\u00eats seraient utilis\u00e9es par les pays riches pour continuer \u00e0 polluer.<\/p>\n

Le rapport cite l\u2019exemple de la Suisse, qui compenserait ses \u00e9missions de carbone en achetant des quotas au P\u00e9rou et au Ghana, puis utiliserait leurs terres comme r\u00e9servoir de carbone, ce qui n\u2019est qu\u2019un transfert de la pollution.<\/p>\n

Pour Oxfam, une alternative plus durable r\u00e9side dans une approche \u00ab\u202ffood-first\u202f\u00bb, une priorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation, en ciblant \u00e0 la fois le changement climatique<\/a> et la faim en adaptant les m\u00e9thodes agricoles et les habitudes alimentaires.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s sur la Suisse<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oxfam consid\u00e8re que les objectifs de neutralit\u00e9 carbone sont des distractions dangereuses. Les projections donn\u00e9es en utilisant la reforestation seraient irr\u00e9alisables \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3016],"tags":[411,442,523,449],"class_list":["post-18710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environnement","tag-actuel","tag-ethiopie","tag-monde","tag-suisse"],"yoast_head":"\nLes objectifs de neutralit\u00e9 carbone, des distractions dangereuses pour Oxfam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Oxfam consid\u00e8re que les objectifs de neutralit\u00e9 carbone sont des distractions dangereuses. 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