{"id":18993,"date":"2021-12-06T14:25:36","date_gmt":"2021-12-06T13:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=18993"},"modified":"2024-07-16T22:01:45","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T20:01:45","slug":"en-afrique-du-sud-shell-peut-utiliser-un-canon-a-air-sismique-apres-le-rejet-dune-action-en-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/en-afrique-du-sud-shell-peut-utiliser-un-canon-a-air-sismique-apres-le-rejet-dune-action-en-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"En Afrique du Sud, Shell peut utiliser un canon \u00e0 air sismique apr\u00e8s le rejet d\u2019une action en justice"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shell pr\u00e9voit des \u00e9tudes sismiques dans les eaux d\u2019Afrique du Sud \u00e0 la recherche de p\u00e9trole et de gaz. Les organisations de d\u00e9fense de l\u2019environnement et des droits de l\u2019homme ont tent\u00e9 d\u2019arr\u00eater l\u2019op\u00e9ration, sans succ\u00e8s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Plate-forme
Plate-forme offshore de Shell aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Une \u00e9tude sismique est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement utilis\u00e9e pour trouver des ressources naturelles sous-marines | \u00a9 Stuart Conway, Shell, 2018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le 3 d\u00e9cembre, la Haute Cour de Makhanda, en Afrique du Sud, a rejet\u00e9 la demande que la Royal Dutch Shell n\u2019effectue pas d\u2019\u00e9tude sismique.<\/p>\n

Shell est autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 effectuer des relev\u00e9s sismiques \u00e0 partir d\u2019un bateau afin de rechercher du p\u00e9trole et du gaz sous les fonds marins<\/strong>. L\u2019op\u00e9ration maritime doit se d\u00e9rouler pr\u00e8s de la c\u00f4te sauvage d\u2019Afrique du Sud, \u00e0 l\u2019est du pays. Elles devaient commencer le 1er d\u00e9cembre et se terminer en f\u00e9vrier 2022.<\/p>\n

Mais quatre organisations, dont Greenpeace, ont tent\u00e9 de bloquer les op\u00e9rations avan\u00e7ant des dommages environnementaux irr\u00e9versibles dans cette zone avec une riche biodiversit\u00e9<\/strong>. \u00c0 la derni\u00e8re minute, elles ont d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une plainte pour obtenir un interdit provisoire d\u2019urgence.<\/p>\n

Des ondes sonores pour \u00e9tudier la composition de la Terre<\/h2>\n

Afin de trouver des ressources naturelles dans les fonds marins, Shell doit utiliser des canon \u00e0 air sismiques, une technique courante mais controvers\u00e9e utilis\u00e9e dans l\u2019industrie de l\u2019\u00e9nergie. Depuis des navires, il envoient de l\u2019air comprim\u00e9 cr\u00e9ant des ondes sonores dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an afin d\u2019\u00e9tudier la composition du sous-sol.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9nergie des ondes sonores qui n\u2019est pas absorb\u00e9e par les diff\u00e9rentes couches g\u00e9ologiques est renvoy\u00e9e vers la surface. Elle est ensuite capt\u00e9e par des r\u00e9cepteurs qui analysent et identifient la pr\u00e9sence potentielle d\u2019hydrocarbures<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pour Natural Justice<\/a>, l\u2019une des organisations engag\u00e9es dans la bataille contre Shell, les canons \u00e0 air projetteraient pendant des mois, toutes les 10 secondes, des ondes extr\u00eamement bruyantes \u00e0 travers 6 011 kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s de surface oc\u00e9anique. L\u2019association affirme qu\u2019elles atteignent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 3\u202fkm de profondeur dans la mer et 40\u202fkm dans la cro\u00fbte terrestre sous le fond marin.<\/p>\n

Et les associations consid\u00e8rent que ces ondes perturbent et causent des dommages irr\u00e9parables \u00e0 la vie marine, des baleines et des dauphins aux crabes et crustac\u00e9s.<\/strong> Cela aurait \u00e9galement un impact sur la p\u00eache ou les activit\u00e9s touristiques.<\/p>\n

Pour Shell<\/a>, \u00ab\u202fles inqui\u00e9tudes concernent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement l\u2019exposition des dauphins, des baleines, des tortues, des oiseaux ou des poissons au bruit g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 sous la mer par une source sonore \u00e0 air comprim\u00e9<\/em>\u202f\u00bb. Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces pr\u00e9occupations, Shell affirme qu\u2019elle op\u00e8re en dehors de la p\u00e9riode de migration des baleines en Afrique du Sud<\/strong> et qu\u2019elle s\u2019assure qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019activit\u00e9 de c\u00e9tac\u00e9s pendant une heure avant le d\u00e9but des activit\u00e9s sismiques dans la zone \u00e9tudi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Pas assez de preuves de dommages irr\u00e9parables caus\u00e9s par les relev\u00e9s sismiques<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Les demandeurs de l\u2019interdiction d\u2019urgence ont estim\u00e9 que les mesures d\u2019att\u00e9nuation de Shell \u00e9taient insuffisantes. La demande en urgence \u00e9tait cens\u00e9e bloquer Shell jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019un examen judiciaire de l\u2019autorisation environnementale de Shell soit termin\u00e9, rapporte News24<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Mais la Haute Cour a estim\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019y avait pas suffisamment d\u2019informations pour d\u00e9terminer qu\u2019il y aura un pr\u00e9judice irr\u00e9parable<\/strong>. Ainsi, le juge a exclu la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019arr\u00eater l\u2019\u00e9tude sismique \u00ab\u202fen attendant la d\u00e9cision finale d\u2019une demande d\u2019\u00e9tude s\u00e9par\u00e9e<\/em>\u202f\u00bb. Les organisations vont discuter et d\u00e9cider si elles font appel de la d\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n

Dimanche, des manifestants ont march\u00e9 de la Maison de l\u2019Afrique du Sud \u00e0 Londres jusqu\u2019\u00e0 Trafalgar Square avec le slogan Stop punishing Africa<\/em>, \u00ab\u202fArr\u00eatez de punir l\u2019Afrique\u202f\u00bb. Les manifestants ont condamn\u00e9 les \u00ab\u202frestrictions injustes sur les voyages<\/em>\u202f\u00bb appliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019Afrique du Sud, ont demand\u00e9 un meilleur acc\u00e8s aux vaccins et l\u2019arr\u00eat des essais sismiques de Shell.<\/p>\n

Le 6 d\u00e9cembre, la p\u00e9tition h\u00e9berg\u00e9e sur le site de Greenpeace a recueilli un peu plus de 43 000 signatures.<\/p>\n

Mise \u00e0 jour du 28 d\u00e9cembre 2021 : Une haute cour sud-africaine diff\u00e9rente a emp\u00each\u00e9 Shell<\/a> de mener des tests sismiques au large de la Wild Coast.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s sur l\u2019Afrique du Sud<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shell pr\u00e9voit des \u00e9tudes sismiques dans les eaux d\u2019Afrique du Sud \u00e0 la recherche de p\u00e9trole et de gaz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13808,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3016],"tags":[420,421],"class_list":["post-18993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environnement","tag-afrique-sud","tag-vieux"],"yoast_head":"\nEn Afrique du Sud, Shell peut utiliser un canon \u00e0 air sismique apr\u00e8s le rejet d'une action en justice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Shell pr\u00e9voit des \u00e9tudes sismiques dans les eaux d'Afrique du Sud \u00e0 la recherche de p\u00e9trole et de gaz.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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