{"id":20401,"date":"2022-10-04T14:40:54","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T12:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=20401"},"modified":"2022-11-05T12:39:14","modified_gmt":"2022-11-05T11:39:14","slug":"un-diamant-rare-du-botswana-permet-de-decouvrir-lexistence-deau-dans-les-profondeurs-de-la-terre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/un-diamant-rare-du-botswana-permet-de-decouvrir-lexistence-deau-dans-les-profondeurs-de-la-terre\/","title":{"rendered":"Un diamant rare du Botswana permet de d\u00e9couvrir l\u2019existence d\u2019eau dans les profondeurs de la Terre"},"content":{"rendered":"

 Une \u00e9quipe de scientifiques a analys\u00e9 un diamant provenant du Botswana qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le que des quantit\u00e9s consid\u00e9rables d\u2019eau seraient pr\u00e9sentes dans les profondeurs de la Terre.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"The
The diamond from Botswana whose composition proved large quantities of water exist in deep Earth | Goethe University Frankfurt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche, dirig\u00e9e par Tingting Gu du Gemological Institute of America et de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Purdue, a publi\u00e9 dans la revue scientifique revue par les pairs Nature<\/em><\/a> des r\u00e9sultats qui montrent que l\u2019eau existe \u00e0 des profondeurs bien plus importantes qu\u2019on ne le pensait.<\/p>\n

Le GIA a analys\u00e9 un petit et tr\u00e8s rare diamant extrait au Botswana dont la composition a permis d\u2019identifier la pr\u00e9sence de min\u00e9raux hydriques.<\/p>\n

Ce diamant de 1,5 centim\u00e8tre s\u2019est form\u00e9 \u00e0 660 kilom\u00e8tres sous Terre et fait partie de la cat\u00e9gorie rare des \u00ab\u202fdiamants super profonds\u202f\u00bb<\/em>. Le diamant provient de la zone de transition, une couche qui s\u00e9pare le manteau sup\u00e9rieur et le manteau inf\u00e9rieur de la Terre. Les plaques passent difficilement d\u2019un manteau \u00e0 l\u2019autre au-del\u00e0 de la zone de transition. Il y a donc des plaques qui transportent des s\u00e9diments des profondeurs marines pouvant contenir de grandes quantit\u00e9s d\u2019eau et de dioxyde de carbone \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la Terre. Cependant, elles restent bloqu\u00e9es lorsqu\u2019elles atteignent la zone de transition.<\/p>\n

La solidit\u00e9 des diamants est la meilleure protection, telle une capsule temporelle, pour prot\u00e9ger les min\u00e9raux pi\u00e9g\u00e9s dans les profondeurs de la Terre afin que les humains puissent les voir lorsqu\u2019ils atteignent la surface. \u00c0 cette profondeur, la temp\u00e9rature et la pression, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 23 000 bars, sont extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9es, ce qui modifie la composition des min\u00e9raux. Pi\u00e9g\u00e9s dans les diamants, ces min\u00e9raux racontent donc le parcours de la roche, comment s\u2019est form\u00e9e-elle et d\u2019o\u00f9 vient-elle.<\/p>\n

L\u2019analyse du diamant a montr\u00e9 qu\u2019il contenait beaucoup d\u2019eau et qu\u2019il provenait d\u2019un morceau normal du manteau terrestre. Ainsi, il d\u00e9montre que \u00ab\u202fla zone de transition n\u2019est pas une \u00e9ponge s\u00e8che, mais contient des quantit\u00e9s consid\u00e9rables d\u2019eau\u202f\u00bb<\/em>, explique Frank Brenker<\/a>, professeur \u00e0 l\u2019Institut des g\u00e9osciences de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Goethe de Francfort. Les conditions hydriques s\u2019\u00e9tendent donc au moins \u00e0 travers la zone de transition et dans le manteau inf\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

La zone de transition pourrait potentiellement stocker pr\u00e8s de six fois plus d\u2019eau que ce qui se trouve \u00e0 la surface de la Terre, mais jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, \u00ab\u202fnous ne savions pas si elle le faisait r\u00e9ellement\u202f\u00bb<\/em>, ajoute le professeur Brenker, membre de l\u2019\u00e9quipe qui a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte.<\/p>\n

Ils ont analys\u00e9 le diamant \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un type de spectroscopie<\/a> et de diffraction des rayons X, en observant la pierre et ses imperfections min\u00e9rales sans l\u2019ouvrir, contrairement \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte de la davemao\u00efte<\/a>, un compos\u00e9 observ\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois apr\u00e8s avoir ouvert un diamant super profond provenant du manteau inf\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

L\u2019eau est donc largement pr\u00e9sente dans les profondeurs de la Terre et cette d\u00e9couverte contribue \u00e0 expliquer comment l\u2019eau circule \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la Terre, appel\u00e9 le cycle de l\u2019eau profonde<\/a>, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que l\u2019eau finisse par rejoindre la surface par l\u2019activit\u00e9 volcanique.<\/p>\n

Mais l\u2019existence potentielle d\u2019un oc\u00e9an ne ressemble pas \u00e0 ce que les humains voient \u00e0 la surface. L\u2019oc\u00e9an de la zone de transition est une roche hydrat\u00e9e, mais il ne serait pas humide au toucher ou ne rejettrait pas d\u2019eau. Comme la pression est immens\u00e9ment diff\u00e9rente, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments tels que nous les connaissons changent de forme. La roche est visqueuse, ce qui aide \u00e0 expliquer le mouvement des plaques tectoniques et l\u2019activit\u00e9 sismique et volcanique par exemple.<\/p>\n

Un autre diamant du Botswana \u00e9tudi\u00e9 en 2014 avait sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats similaires mais il \u00e9tait trop petit pour d\u00e9terminer sa composition chimique pr\u00e9cise.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s du Botswana<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une \u00e9quipe de scientifiques a analys\u00e9 un diamant provenant du Botswana qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le que des quantit\u00e9s consid\u00e9rables d\u2019eau seraient pr\u00e9sentes dans les profondeurs de la Terre.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20414,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[411,808,523],"class_list":["post-20401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciences-et-sante","tag-actuel","tag-botswana-fr","tag-monde"],"yoast_head":"\nUn diamant rare du Botswana permet de d\u00e9couvrir l'existence d'eau dans les profondeurs de la Terre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une \u00e9quipe de scientifiques a analys\u00e9 un diamant provenant du Botswana qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le que des quantit\u00e9s consid\u00e9rables d'eau seraient 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