{"id":27447,"date":"2023-04-27T15:13:33","date_gmt":"2023-04-27T13:13:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=27447"},"modified":"2024-07-16T17:07:21","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T15:07:21","slug":"legypte-reprend-lheure-dete-sept-ans-apres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/legypte-reprend-lheure-dete-sept-ans-apres\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00c9gypte reprend l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9, sept ans apr\u00e8s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s sept ans sans l\u2019appliquer, l\u2019\u00c9gypte appliquera l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e. Les autorit\u00e9s esp\u00e8rent faire des \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9nergie, et ainsi collecter des r\u00e9serves de change gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019exportation du gaz naturel.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Horloges\"
\u00a9 Jon Tyson<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u2019\u00c9gypte<\/a> appliquera l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e. Nader Saad, le porte-parole de la pr\u00e9sidence du Conseil des ministres, a annonc\u00e9 le changement<\/a> mercredi. Le vendredi 28 avril \u00e0 minuit, les horloges seront donc avanc\u00e9es d\u2019une heure jusqu\u2019au dernier jeudi d\u2019octobre, le 26.<\/p>\n

Ce changement marque la fin d\u2019une p\u00e9riode de sept ans pendant laquelle le gouvernement n\u2019a pas appliqu\u00e9 l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9, une d\u00e9cision consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un moyen d\u2019\u00e9conomiser de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les r\u00e9serves \u00e9trang\u00e8res d\u2019un pays emp\u00eatr\u00e9 dans une crise \u00e9conomique depuis l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine par la Russie.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00c9gypte a appliqu\u00e9 l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 pour la derni\u00e8re fois en 2014. Le pays a adopt\u00e9 et annul\u00e9 ce changement d\u2019horaires \u00e0 plusieurs reprises. L\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, le gouvernement \u00e9gyptien avait annonc\u00e9 des mesures visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie dans les institutions gouvernementales et les b\u00e2timents commerciaux afin d\u2019exporter davantage de gaz naturel.<\/p>\n

Le gouvernement a publi\u00e9 le projet de loi au d\u00e9but du mois de mars, qu\u2019il a justifi\u00e9 par les \u00ab\u202fconditions \u00e9conomiques et les changements dont le monde est t\u00e9moin, ainsi que par les efforts du gouvernement pour rationaliser l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019\u00e9nergie\u202f\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Le gaz naturel \u00e9tait la source de 86\u202f% de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 produite en \u00c9gypte en 2020, selon les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie<\/a>. Il constitue \u00e9galement une source importante de devises \u00e9trang\u00e8res, dont le pays a fortement besoin, dans un contexte de forte demande de gaz<\/a> depuis que la Russie a r\u00e9duit ses approvisionnements vers les pays europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n

Mais l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine par la Russie l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re a gravement impact\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9conomie \u00e9gyptienne, en augmentant les prix des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res et en incitant les investisseurs \u00e9trangers \u00e0 retirer environ 20 milliards de dollars de ses march\u00e9s financiers, plongeant le pays dans une crise \u00e9conomique s\u00e9rieuse.<\/p>\n

Les liquidit\u00e9s en devises \u00e9trang\u00e8res constituaient un facteur de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 important pour l\u2019\u00e9conomie \u00e9gyptienne, ce que la guerre en Ukraine a aggrav\u00e9. L\u2019\u00c9gypte est le premier importateur mondial de bl\u00e9 et l\u2019Ukraine et la Russie \u00e9taient ses principaux fournisseurs. Mais son prix a consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9 l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, ce qui a m\u00eame conduit les autorit\u00e9s \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler le prix du pain<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c9conomiser l\u2019\u00e9nergie et collecter des r\u00e9serves de change gr\u00e2ce aux exportations de gaz naturel<\/h2>\n

La Banque centrale d\u2019\u00c9gypte utilise les r\u00e9serves en devises \u00e9trang\u00e8res pour importer des biens strat\u00e9giques et stabiliser les prix dans le pays. Mais malgr\u00e9 le soutien financier du Fonds mon\u00e9taire international, qui a sign\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre une enveloppe d\u2019aide de 3 milliards de dollars sur 46 mois, et des pays du Golfe, les r\u00e9serves de change de la Banque centrale n\u2019ont que mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment augment\u00e9 pour atteindre 37 milliards de dollars en f\u00e9vrier 2023, ce qui repr\u00e9sente moins de quatre mois d\u2019importations de biens et de services du pays.<\/p>\n

Selon un rapport de BNP Paribas<\/a>, l\u2019\u00e9conomie \u00e9gyptienne, dont la croissance devrait ralentir \u00e0 4\u202f% en hypoth\u00e8se haute en 2023, s\u2019inscrit dans un contexte d\u2019inflation \u00e9lev\u00e9e et de d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation de la livre \u00e9gyptienne, rendant les importations encore plus co\u00fbteuses. En mars, l\u2019inflation annuelle de l\u2019\u00c9gypte \u00e9tait de 32,7\u202f%, selon l\u2019agence statistique du pays CAPMAS, proche du taux d\u2019inflation le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 jamais enregistr\u00e9 dans le pays, il y a six ans.<\/p>\n

En octobre dernier, le gouvernement \u00e9gyptien a approuv\u00e9 un projet de loi autorisant les \u00c9gyptiens vivant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger \u00e0 importer des voitures sans payer de taxes<\/a> sur le territoire, afin que le pays puisse r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des r\u00e9serves de change.<\/p>\n

Selon le gouvernement \u00e9gyptien, l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duit la consommation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de 10\u202f%. Mais le changement d\u2019heure est de plus en plus contest\u00e9 en raison de son impact sur la sant\u00e9 et le sommeil, de la diff\u00e9rence entre l\u2019horloge sociale et l\u2019horloge biologique, et de ses faibles effets sur les \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n

L\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 est observ\u00e9e dans environ 60 pays dans le monde, mais des pays comme l\u2019Islande, l\u2019Argentine<\/a>, la Russie<\/a> et la Turquie l\u2019ont supprim\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

En 2018, la Commission europ\u00e9enne<\/a> estimait que \u00ab\u202fles recherches indiquent que l\u2019effet global de l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 sur les \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9nergie est marginal\u202f\u00bb<\/em>. La consommation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en Europe en effet a beaucoup \u00e9volu\u00e9 au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, avec des \u00e9clairages \u00e0 faible consommation par exemple. Par cons\u00e9quent, son importance dans le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique global, et l\u2019impact de sa consommation, ont consid\u00e9rablement diminu\u00e9. Mais en \u00c9gypte, l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 comptait pour 23\u202f% de la consommation totale d\u2019\u00e9nergie en 2020, alors qu\u2019elle ne repr\u00e9sentait que 13\u202f% en 1990.<\/p>\n

La Turquie a supprim\u00e9 l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 en 2017 et a choisi de s\u2019en tenir \u00e0 l\u2019heure d\u2019hiver. Elle a m\u00eame d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir \u00e9conomis\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, bien que les donn\u00e9es sugg\u00e8rent le contraire<\/a>, avec des diff\u00e9rences marginales de toute fa\u00e7on.<\/p>\n

Le Parlement de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne a vot\u00e9 en 2019 pour la fin des changements d\u2019heure \u00e0 partir de 2021. Cependant, les pays n\u2019ont pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 se mettre d\u2019accord sur l\u2019heure \u00e0 choisir et le changement n\u2019est plus \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour.<\/p>\n

Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, le Sunshine Protection Act<\/a> fut adopt\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019unanimit\u00e9 par le S\u00e9nat l\u2019an dernier. Le projet de loi rendait l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 permanente dans tout le pays \u00e0 partir de 2023, m\u00eame si la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence sur l\u2019heure d\u2019hiver n\u2019\u00e9tait pas totalement certaine. Mais le projet de loi est rest\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants et n\u2019est toujours pas entr\u00e9 en vigueur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s sept ans sans l\u2019appliquer, l\u2019\u00c9gypte appliquera l\u2019heure d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e. Les autorit\u00e9s esp\u00e8rent faire des \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9nergie, et ainsi collecter des r\u00e9serves de change gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019exportation du gaz naturel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27458,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3016],"tags":[443,1334],"class_list":["post-27447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environnement","tag-egypte","tag-nouveau"],"yoast_head":"\nL'\u00c9gypte reprend l'heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9, sept ans apr\u00e8s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Apr\u00e8s sept ans sans l'appliquer, l'\u00c9gypte appliquera l'heure d'\u00e9t\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e. 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