{"id":29470,"date":"2021-04-29T10:15:48","date_gmt":"2021-04-29T08:15:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=29470"},"modified":"2024-07-23T18:02:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T16:02:25","slug":"lethiopie-legypte-et-le-soudan-ne-parviennent-pas-a-sentendre-sur-le-barrage-du-nil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/lethiopie-legypte-et-le-soudan-ne-parviennent-pas-a-sentendre-sur-le-barrage-du-nil\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00c9thiopie, l\u2019\u00c9gypte et le Soudan ne parviennent pas \u00e0 s\u2019entendre sur le barrage du Nil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les d\u00e9saccords entre l\u2019\u00c9gypte, le Soudan et l\u2019\u00c9thiopie sur le Grand barrage de la Renaissance
\nne sont toujours pas r\u00e9solus. L\u2019\u00c9gypte se sent vuln\u00e9rable, le Soudan durcit son approche, l\u2019\u00c9thiopie rejette les trait\u00e9s datant de l\u2019\u00e8re coloniale. Et les r\u00e9servoirs vont bient\u00f4t \u00eatre remplis pour la deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de suite sans accord.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Grand
Le Grand barrage de la Renaissance, \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re du Soudan et de l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, aura un impact sur l\u2019approvisionnement en eau de l\u2019\u00c9gypte.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c9chec des n\u00e9gociations entre l\u2019\u00c9gypte, le Soudan et l\u2019\u00c9thiopie<\/h2>\n

Les discussions organis\u00e9es par l\u2019Union africaine entre l\u2019\u00c9gypte, le Soudan et l\u2019\u00c9thiopie au sujet du Grand barrage de la Renaissance<\/a> n\u2019ont pas abouti. Alors que le projet est sur le point d\u2019\u00eatre finalis\u00e9, la tension monte.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00c9gypte et le Soudan demandent une m\u00e9diation internationale<\/a>, ce que l\u2019\u00c9thiopie refuse. Le Soudan souhaite que les \u00c9tats-Unis, l\u2019ONU et l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne participent en tant que m\u00e9diateurs et non plus en tant qu\u2019observateurs, tandis que l\u2019\u00c9thiopie souhaite que l\u2019Union africaine continue de diriger enti\u00e8rement les n\u00e9gociations.<\/p>\n

Le projet \u00e9thiopien du Grand barrage de la Renaissance a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 2011 et a \u00e9t\u00e9 source de tensions entre les pays<\/a>. Il s\u2019agira du plus grand barrage d\u2019Afrique. Il pourrait fournir de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 60\u202f% de la population \u00e9thiopienne en 2022, alors que l\u2019\u00c9thiopie vient de recevoir des offres pour la privatisation de son secteur des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications<\/a>, premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de la lib\u00e9ralisation de son \u00e9conomie.<\/p>\n

Les pays ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 conclu des accords par le pass\u00e9, mais le d\u00e9bit d\u2019eau en aval du barrage est le point de friction qui n\u2019a toujours pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9solu.<\/p>\n

La quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau au c\u0153ur des pr\u00e9occupations \u00e9gyptiennes<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Le Premier ministre \u00e9gyptien Mostafa Madbouly a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \u00ab\u202fl\u2019\u00c9gypte ne c\u00e9dera pas une seule goutte de sa part de l\u2019eau du Nil<\/em>\u202f\u00bb. Le Nil est en effet crucial pour l\u2019\u00c9gypte, qui en d\u00e9pend pour son agriculture et son commerce. Le barrage rend l\u2019\u00c9gypte vuln\u00e9rable face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, qui aurait le pouvoir de r\u00e9guler le d\u00e9bit d\u2019eau.<\/p>\n

Le porte-parole du minist\u00e8re \u00e9thiopien des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Dina Mufti, a rejet\u00e9 les accords historiques sur le partage des eaux du Nil conclus en 1959 et en 1929.<\/p>\n

En 1959, l\u2019\u00c9gypte et le Soudan ont obtenu une quantit\u00e9 minimale d\u2019eau qu\u2019ils devaient recevoir du Nil, sans se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer aux neuf autres pays o\u00f9 coule le Nil. En 1929, la Grande-Bretagne, qui repr\u00e9sentait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque l\u2019Ouganda, le Kenya, la Tanzanie et le Soudan, avait accord\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9gypte un droit de veto sur tout projet concernant les eaux en amont du Nil et qui pourrait donc avoir une incidence sur sa part. En 2010, les \u00c9tats riverains sup\u00e9rieurs ont trouv\u00e9 un accord, que l\u2019\u00c9gypte et le Soudan n\u2019ont pas sign\u00e9. L\u2019\u00c9gypte pr\u00e9f\u00e8re en effet les trait\u00e9s qu\u2019elle avait sign\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Le Soudan a d\u2019abord accueilli favorablement le projet, car il pourrait r\u00e9guler les inondations qui touchent le pays ou m\u00eame permettre une troisi\u00e8me r\u00e9colte par an. Le pays y voyait \u00e9galement l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019obtenir un approvisionnement en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 plus stable. Cependant, l\u2019influence croissante de l\u2019arm\u00e9e au Soudan<\/a>, sa proximit\u00e9 avec l\u2019\u00c9gypte et ses revendications frontali\u00e8res avec l\u2019\u00c9thiopie rendent les discussions diplomatiques plus tendues.<\/p>\n

De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, l\u2019\u00c9thiopie souhaite \u00e9galement disposer d\u2019une certaine souplesse dans la gestion du cours en cas de s\u00e9cheresse, sugg\u00e9rant qu\u2019il pourrait \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 des fins agricoles plut\u00f4t que comme source d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Avec la saison des pluies qui approche, les r\u00e9servoirs derri\u00e8re le barrage vont commencer<\/a> \u00e0 se remplir pour la deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e sans accord. Cette fois, la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau sera trois fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 ce que le r\u00e9servoir contenait l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9couvrez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s sur l\u2019\u00c9gypte<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les d\u00e9saccords entre l\u2019\u00c9gypte, le Soudan et l\u2019\u00c9thiopie sur le Grand barrage de la Renaissance
\nne sont toujours pas r\u00e9solus et les r\u00e9servoirs vont bient\u00f4t \u00eatre remplis pour la deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de suite.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13537,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[411,443,442],"class_list":["post-29470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique","tag-actuel","tag-egypte","tag-ethiopie"],"yoast_head":"\nL'\u00c9thiopie, l'\u00c9gypte et le Soudan ne parviennent pas \u00e0 s'entendre sur le barrage du Nil<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les d\u00e9saccords entre l'\u00c9gypte, le Soudan et l'\u00c9thiopie sur le Grand barrage de la Renaissance ne sont toujours pas r\u00e9solus et les r\u00e9servoirs vont bient\u00f4t \u00eatre remplis pour la deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de suite.\" 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