{"id":39521,"date":"2024-05-02T22:21:16","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T20:21:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/?p=39521"},"modified":"2024-05-03T14:11:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T12:11:20","slug":"estonie-russie-gps-mer-baltique-finnair-tartu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsendip.com\/fr\/estonie-russie-gps-mer-baltique-finnair-tartu\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Estonie accuse la Russie apr\u00e8s une \u00e9ni\u00e8me interf\u00e9rence de signaux GPS"},"content":{"rendered":"

La compagnie a\u00e9rienne finlandaise Finnair a interrompu tous ses vols vers Tartu, deuxi\u00e8me ville d\u2019Estonie, en raison d\u2019interf\u00e9rence de signaux GPS.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"un
Le ministre estonien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Margus Tsahkna, a annonc\u00e9 vouloir saisir l\u2019UE et l\u2019OTAN \u00e0 propos du brouillage de GPS. | \u00a9 Mohammad Saifullah<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La compagnie finlandaise<\/a> Finnair, unique transporteur a\u00e9rien op\u00e9rant \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Tartu, a suspendu tous ses vols \u00e0 destination de la deuxi\u00e8me ville d\u2019Estonie jusqu\u2019au 31 mai prochain. La raison\u202f? Finnair cite des interf\u00e9rences avec les signaux GPS au-dessus de la r\u00e9gion de la mer Baltique.<\/p>\n

Vendredi dernier, deux vols Finnair reliant Helsinki \u00e0 Tartu ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraints de faire demi-tour. \u00ab\u202fCes interf\u00e9rences nous obligent \u00e0 suspendre les vols jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019une solution d\u2019approche alternative ne n\u00e9cessitant pas de signal GPS puisse \u00eatre mise en place \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport de Tartu<\/em>\u202f\u00bb, a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 Finnair dans un communiqu\u00e9<\/a> publi\u00e9 ce lundi.<\/p>\n

Le ministre estonien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, Margus Tsahkna, a qualifi\u00e9 le brouillage du GPS d\u2019attaque et en a imput\u00e9 la responsabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Russie, d\u00e9clarant qu\u2019il avait l\u2019intention de soulever la question aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019UE et de l\u2019OTAN.<\/a><\/p>\n

Il a \u00e9galement d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au media estonien ERR<\/a> qu\u2019il existait de nombreuses preuves de l\u2019origine de ces interf\u00e9rences. \u00ab\u202fElles proviennent des environs de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg, de Pskov, de Kaliningrad<\/em>\u202f\u00bb, a\u2011t-il pr\u00e9cis\u00e9. Selon lui, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une \u00ab\u202faction d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e qui perturbe nos vies<\/em>\u202f\u00bb.<\/p>\n

La Russie, \u00ab\u202fcoupable le plus probable\u202f\u00bb<\/h2>\n

Des brouillages de GPS se produisent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dans la r\u00e9gion de la mer Baltique depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre en Ukraine en 2022, et la Russie<\/a> est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme le coupable le plus probable, bien que sa responsabilit\u00e9 n\u2019ait jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Les autorit\u00e9s estoniennes, en collaboration avec Finnair, s\u2019efforcent de trouver des solutions pour r\u00e9tablir le trafic a\u00e9rien \u00e0 Tartu, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Tsahkna.<\/p>\n

Le GPS occupe une place de plus en plus importante dans l\u2019aviation, rempla\u00e7ant les faisceaux radio\u00e9lectriques utilis\u00e9s pour guider les avions vers l\u2019atterrissage. Les avions peuvent voler en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sans signal GPS, mais le brouillage prive les pilotes d\u2019une source importante de g\u00e9olocalisation pour l\u2019atterrissage.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fG\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, les interf\u00e9rences GPS n\u2019affectent pas les itin\u00e9raires ou la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des vols, car les avions disposent de syst\u00e8mes alternatifs utilis\u00e9s en cas d\u2019interf\u00e9rence avec le signal GPS<\/em>\u202f\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Finnair. Cependant, l\u2019a\u00e9roport de la deuxi\u00e8me ville d\u2019Estonie d\u00e9pend exclusivement d\u2019un signal GPS pour l\u2019approche et l\u2019atterrissage.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fLa plupart des a\u00e9roports utilisent des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019approche alternatives, mais certains a\u00e9roports, comme celui de Tartu, n\u2019utilisent que des m\u00e9thodes n\u00e9cessitant un signal GPS<\/em>\u202f\u00bb, a ajout\u00e9 Jari Paajanen, directeur des op\u00e9rations de Finnair, dans le communiqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le transporteur a d\u00e9j\u00e0 signal\u00e9 des perturbations GPS dans cette zone depuis 2022, d\u00e9but de la guerre en Ukraine, en particulier pr\u00e8s de l\u2019enclave russe de Kaliningrad sur la c\u00f4te de la mer Baltique, mais aussi en mer Noire, mer Caspienne et M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e orientale. Cependant, un porte-parole a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 que la compagnie ne savait pas d\u2019o\u00f9 provenaient les interf\u00e9rences. \u00ab\u202fNous ne disposons d\u2019aucune information<\/em>\u202f\u00bb, a\u2011t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Une augmentation significative des incidents li\u00e9s aux interf\u00e9rences GPS<\/h2>\n

En janvier, le secteur de l\u2019aviation a demand\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s de r\u00e9gulation de prendre des mesures urgentes pour lutter contre l\u2019usurpation d\u2019identit\u00e9 GPS, arguant que les conflits en Ukraine et au Moyen-Orient \u00e9taient \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019une recrudescence de ce type d\u2019activit\u00e9, qui peut faire d\u00e9vier les avions de ligne de leur trajectoire.<\/p>\n

L\u2019association internationale du transport a\u00e9rien (IATA) et le r\u00e9gulateur europ\u00e9en de l\u2019aviation (EASA) avaient alors organis\u00e9 une r\u00e9union \u00e0 Cologne<\/a>, en Allemagne, pour rassembler les compagnies a\u00e9riennes, les fabricants d\u2019avions et les entreprises de technologie a\u00e9ronautique, ainsi que des organismes de r\u00e9gulation nationaux et r\u00e9gionaux, pour discuter de la question.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u202fLes compagnies a\u00e9riennes constatent une augmentation significative des incidents li\u00e9s aux interf\u00e9rences GPS. Pour y rem\u00e9dier, nous avons besoin d\u2019une collecte et d\u2019un partage coordonn\u00e9s des donn\u00e9es de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 GPS, de conseils proc\u00e9duraux universels sur les incidents GPS de la part des constructeurs d\u2019a\u00e9ronefs, d\u2019un engagement des \u00c9tats \u00e0 conserver les syst\u00e8mes de navigation traditionnels comme solution de secours dans les cas o\u00f9 les GPS sont usurp\u00e9s ou brouill\u00e9s. Le soutien et les ressources de l\u2019EASA et d\u2019autres autorit\u00e9s gouvernementales sont essentiels \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre de ces mesures. Les compagnies a\u00e9riennes seront des partenaires essentiels<\/em>\u202f\u00bb, avait conclut Willie Walsh, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019IATA, au terme de la r\u00e9union.<\/p>\n

Le mois dernier, l\u2019Allemagne a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 <\/a>que la Russie \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s probablement \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de perturbations affectant la navigation dans la r\u00e9gion de la mer Baltique. Le minist\u00e8re allemand de la d\u00e9fense a d\u00e9sign\u00e9 Kaliningrad comme source de ces perturbations, tout en refusant de donner des d\u00e9tails, invoquant des \u00ab\u202fraisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 militaire<\/em>\u202f\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Moscou n\u2019a pas comment\u00e9 les accusations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La compagnie a\u00e9rienne finlandaise Finnair a interrompu tous ses vols vers Tartu, deuxi\u00e8me ville d\u2019Estonie, en raison d\u2019interf\u00e9rence de signaux GPS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":237,"featured_media":39519,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[416],"tags":[1921,1479,1334,451],"class_list":["post-39521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique","tag-estonie","tag-finlande","tag-nouveau","tag-russie"],"yoast_head":"\nL'Estonie accuse la Russie apr\u00e8s une \u00e9ni\u00e8me interf\u00e9rence de signaux GPS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La compagnie a\u00e9rienne finlandaise Finnair a interrompu tous ses vols vers Tartu, deuxi\u00e8me ville d\u2019Estonie, en raison d\u2019interf\u00e9rence de signaux GPS.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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